Palm Sunday. We celebrate the beginning of this Holy Week with children waving palm branches and singing, "Hosanna! Hosanna in the Highest!" And yet... I think for a lot of us... what we think we are celebrating is not as closely related to that moment in the gospels as we may think. What the Jewish people were singing and seeing was not what we are singing and seeing.
Mark 11:1 starts the account by telling us that Jesus was at Bethany and Bethpage on the Mount of Olives. We breeze by that as a simple geographical fact, but there is more to it. The Mount of Olives looks over the temple. Everyone stops on the Mount of Olives to look at Jerusalem (whether coming or going). But even more than that... standing on the Mount of Olives would invoke for the Jews the book of Zechariah. Zechariah 14:1-5; 9 describes deliverance: Yahweh coming to establish His Kingdom — standing on the Mount of Olives which splits under His feet, giving escape. It paints a violent picture:
Then the Lord will go out and fight against those nations, as he fights on a day of battle. On that day his feet will stand on the Mount of Olives, east of Jerusalem, and the Mount of Olives will be split in two from east to west, forming a great valley, with half of the mountain moving north and half moving south. You will flee by my mountain valley, for it will extend to Azel. You will flee as you fled from the earthquake a in the days of Uzziah king of Judah. Then the Lord my God will come, and all the holy ones with him.....
The Lord will be king over the whole earth. On that day there will be one Lord, and his name the only name.
The Lord will stand on the Mount of Olives and on that day save His people. That's what they hear and remember as they see Jesus standing on the Mount which overlooks the temple.
Mark then tells us that Jesus sent His disciples to get a donkey. The Gospel of Matthew tells us that the reason He does this is to fulfill the words of the prophets. The kings of Israel had ridden colts of donkeys in the past. It's a sign of royalty and kingdom. But the quote given by Matthew focuses on Zechariah 9. While he only quotes a portion, the Jews would have quickly known the full context:
Again, the violence of the scene; the total overthrowing of their enemies would have immediately come to mind. Zechariah 14 was the backdrop for the Mount of Olives. Zechariah 9 was the backdrop for the riding of the donkey. Both emphasize the key point: the Kingdom is being established.Rejoice greatly, Daughter Zion!
Shout, Daughter Jerusalem!
See, your king comes to you,
righteous and victorious,
lowly and riding on a donkey,
on a colt, the foal of a donkey.
I will take away the chariots from Ephraim
and the warhorses from Jerusalem,
and the battle bow will be broken.
He will proclaim peace to the nations.
His rule will extend from sea to sea
and from the River to the ends of the earth.
As for you, because of the blood of my covenant with you,
I will free your prisoners from the waterless pit.
Return to your fortress, you prisoners of hope;
even now I announce that I will restore twice as much to you.
I will bend Judah as I bend my bow
and fill it with Ephraim.
I will rouse your sons, Zion,
against your sons, Greece,
and make you like a warrior’s sword.
Then the Lord will appear over them;
his arrow will flash like lightning.
The Sovereign Lord will sound the trumpet;
he will march in the storms of the south,
and the Lord Almighty will shield them.
They will destroy
and overcome with slingstones.
They will drink and roar as with wine;
they will be full like a bowl
used for sprinkling the corners of the altar.
The Lord their God will save his people on that day
as a shepherd saves his flock. (Zechariah 9:9-16)
"Hosanna!”“Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!”“Blessed is the coming kingdom of our father David!”“Hosanna in the highest heaven!”
“Blessed is the coming kingdom of our father David!” They now make explicit what everything implicit has been leading us to — the kingdom has come; David will now reign; our king will now take his throne.Give thanks to the Lord, for he is good;his love endures forever.Let Israel say:“His love endures forever.”Let the house of Aaron say:“His love endures forever.”Let those who fear the Lord say:“His love endures forever.”When hard pressed, I cried to the Lord;he brought me into a spacious place.The Lord is with me; I will not be afraid.What can mere mortals do to me?The Lord is with me; he is my helper.I look in triumph on my enemies.It is better to take refuge in the Lordthan to trust in humans.It is better to take refuge in the Lordthan to trust in princes.All the nations surrounded me,but in the name of the Lord I cut them down.They surrounded me on every side,but in the name of the Lord I cut them down.They swarmed around me like bees,but they were consumed as quickly as burning thorns;in the name of the Lord I cut them down.I was pushed back and about to fall,but the Lord helped me.The Lord is my strength and my defense a ;he has become my salvation.Shouts of joy and victoryresound in the tents of the righteous:“The Lord’s right hand has done mighty things!The Lord’s right hand is lifted high;the Lord’s right hand has done mighty things!”I will not die but live,and will proclaim what the Lord has done.The Lord has chastened me severely,but he has not given me over to death.Open for me the gates of the righteous;I will enter and give thanks to the Lord.This is the gate of the Lordthrough which the righteous may enter.I will give you thanks, for you answered me;you have become my salvation.The stone the builders rejectedhas become the cornerstone;the Lord has done this,and it is marvelous in our eyes.The Lord has done it this very day;let us rejoice today and be glad.Lord, save us!Lord, grant us success!Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord.From the house of the Lord we bless you.The Lord is God,and he has made his light shine on us.With boughs in hand, join in the festal processionup to the horns of the altar.You are my God, and I will praise you;you are my God, and I will exalt you.Give thanks to the Lord, for he is good;his love endures forever.
- They are asking Yahweh to liberate them through a political liberator.
- Then they start to sing Psalm 118 — a battle cry for all those who laid down their cloaks to not just lay down their cloaks, but their lives.
- It ends with Psalm 148 — a pronouncement of assured victory.
==> They are now primed and ready for a war!